A washer is a thin, typically circular plate with a hole in the middle, used in conjunction with a threaded fastener like a bolt or nut. Its primary function is to distribute the load of the fastener, prevent loosening, and protect the surface of the material being fastened.
Flat Washers
Purpose: Distribute load evenly, protect surfaces, and prevent damage.
Material: Steel, stainless steel, brass, or plastic.
Applications: General-purpose fastening in automotive, construction, and household projects.
Spring Washers
Purpose: Provide tension to prevent fasteners from loosening due to vibration or movement.
Types:
Split Washers: Helical shape that acts as a spring.
Belleville Washers: Conical shape for high-load applications.
Applications: Machinery, engines, and dynamic systems.
Lock Washers
Purpose: Prevent fasteners from loosening due to vibration or rotation.
Types: External or internal teeth for gripping surfaces.
Applications: Automotive and industrial equipment.
Fender Washers
Purpose: Provide a larger surface area for load distribution.
Applications: Thin or soft materials like sheet metal, wood, or plastic.
United States
